Question:
In which of the following groups, the majority of plants contain the vascular tissue wherein the vessels and companion cells are absent in the xylem and phloem?
In which of the following groups, the majority of plants contain the vascular tissue wherein the vessels and companion cells are absent in the xylem and phloem?
Updated On: Jun 21, 2022
- Angiosperms
- Thallophytes
- Bryophytes
- Gymnosperms
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Xylem and phloem are complex vascular tissues in plants. Xylem functions as a conducting tissue for water and minerals from roots to the stem and leaves. It is composed of four different kinds of elements, namely, tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma in angiosperms. Gymnosperms lack vessels in their xylem. Phloem transports food materials, usually from leaves to other parts of the plant. It is composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres in angiosperms. Gymnosperms lack sieve tubes and companion cells.
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Concepts Used:
Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants
Dicot Root:
- Dicot plants have the taproot system.
- The outermost layer is called the epidermis. The epidermal cells sometimes project out which appear as the root hairs.
- The epidermis is followed by the multi-layered cortex, loosely made of the parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces.
- The inner layer of the cortex is called endodermis, which is tightly packed by the barrel shaped-cells.
- Endodermis is followed by pericycle, which are a few layers of thick-walled parenchyma cells.
- In dicots, the central pith is not distinct.
- There are two to four xylem and phloem.
- The xylem and phloem are remarked by a layer of parenchymatous cells known as conjunctive tissue.
Monocot Root:
Monocot roots do not show much difference in the anatomy from that of the dicot roots.
- Monocot plants possess an adventitious root system.
- As in the dicots, the epidermis forms the outermost layer, followed by cortex, pericycle, endodermis, vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) and pith (random order).
- Pith is conspicuous and large.
- The number of xylem in a monocot is six or more.
- Secondary growth is not seen in the monocot plants.