Question

In the reaction: \[ NH_2CONH_2 + 2H_2O \rightarrow [X] \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3 + H_2O + [Y] \] The hybridization of carbon in \( X \) and \( Y \) respectively are:

• A. \( sp^2, sp \)
• B. \( sp, sp^2 \)
• C. \( sp^3, sp^2 \)
• D. \( sp^2, sp^3 \)
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Hint:

- Carbonyl carbon is usually sp\(^2\)-hybridized. - Linear molecules like \( CO_2 \) have sp-hybridized carbon.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Reaction 
- Urea (\( NH_2CONH_2 \)) hydrolyzes in the presence of water to form carbamic acid (\( NH_2COOH \)), which is unstable and decomposes into ammonia (\( NH_3 \)) and carbonic acid (\( H_2CO_3 \)). 
- Here, X = Carbamic acid (\( NH_2COOH \)) and Y = Carbon dioxide (\( CO_2 \)). 
Step 2: Determining Hybridization of Carbon in \( X \) and \( Y \) 
- Carbamic acid (\( NH_2COOH \)) contains a carbonyl (\( C=O \)) functional group, where the carbon is sp\(^2\)-hybridized due to one double bond and two single bonds. 
- Carbon dioxide (\( CO_2 \)) has a linear structure with two double bonds, making the carbon sp-hybridized. 
Step 3: Identifying the Correct Option 
- \( X = NH_2COOH \) → Carbon is \( sp^2 \)-hybridized. 
- \( Y = CO_2 \) → Carbon is \( sp \)-hybridized. 
- This corresponds to Option (1): \( sp^2, sp \). ✅