Question

In the nitration of benzene using a mixture of conc. H₂SO₄ and conc. HNO₃, the nitrating species is:

• A. NO₂⁺
• B. NO₂²⁻
• C. NO⁺
• D. NO₂ and NO²⁺

Hint:

In nitration, the combination of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ produces NO₂⁺, which attacks the benzene ring.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

In nitration, a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) produces the nitronium ion (NO₂⁺), which is the active electrophile responsible for nitration.
Step 1: Identify the electrophile.
The electrophile in the nitration of benzene is the nitronium ion (NO₂⁺), which is formed when nitric acid reacts with sulfuric acid.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Thus, the nitrating species is NO₂⁺.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The nitrating species is NO₂⁺.}} \]