Question

In RDS in a child, which cells are found defective ?

• A. Type 1 pneumocytes
• B. Type 2 pneumocytes
• C. Bronchial epithelium
• D. None

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

In Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in children, the key issue is the inadequate production of pulmonary surfactant. Surfactant is crucial in reducing the surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse and thus, facilitating efficient breathing. This surfactant is produced by specific cells in the lungs:

Type 1 Pneumocytes: These are large, thin cells that primarily serve as a barrier for diffusion of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and do not produce surfactant.

Type 2 Pneumocytes: These are smaller cells responsible for the production and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. In RDS, it is the functionality of these Type 2 pneumocytes that is compromised, leading to decreased surfactant production.

Conclusion: The cells found defective in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in children are Type 2 pneumocytes, as they are unable to produce sufficient surfactant, resulting in breathing difficulties common in this condition.