Question

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for the development of COPD?

• A. Increased use of biomass fuel
• B. Tobacco smoking
• C. Increasing age
• D. Exposure to noxious fumes at occupational settings
• E.

Hint:

While some risk factors for COPD can be modified, like smoking and exposure to fumes, aging remains an unavoidable risk factor.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding non-modifiable risk factors for COPD.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has several risk factors, some of which are modifiable (such as smoking) and others that are non-modifiable (such as age). Non-modifiable factors cannot be changed or avoided.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
- (1) Increased use of biomass fuel: Incorrect. This is a modifiable risk factor, as individuals can reduce exposure to biomass fuel.
- (2) Tobacco smoking: Incorrect. Smoking is a primary modifiable risk factor for COPD.
- (3) Increasing age: Correct. Aging is a non-modifiable risk factor for COPD, as lung function typically declines with age.
- (4) Exposure to noxious fumes at occupational settings: Incorrect. This is a modifiable risk factor, as individuals can reduce exposure to harmful substances at work.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (3), as increasing age is a non-modifiable risk factor for COPD.