Question

In post-development theories, M. K. Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj is understood as a text that represents:

• A. Critique of modernisation
• B. Critique of industrialisation
• C. Critique of Varna system
• D. Critique of honour killings

Hint:

When studying post-development perspectives, Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj is often cited for its emphasis on decentralization, self-reliance, and ethical living.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A, B

Step 1: Understand the core of Hind Swaraj. 
In Hind Swaraj, Gandhi challenges the modern industrial civilization, favoring self-rule, simplicity, and village-based economies. 
Step 2: Evaluate the options. 
(A) is correct: Gandhi critiques Western notions of progress and modernization. 
(B) is correct: He directly opposes the industrial model as dehumanizing and materialistic. 
(C) and (D) are unrelated to the central theme of Hind Swaraj.