In India, international treaties are ratified by the Parliament. According to the Constitution of India, the executive (i.e., the President, Prime Minister, and Union Cabinet) may negotiate and sign treaties or agreements with foreign countries. However, the formal ratification of treaties, particularly those that affect the law or require changes to existing laws, must be done by the Parliament. This process ensures that treaties align with India's constitutional provisions and laws.
The ratification process typically involves laying the treaty before Parliament, which may approve or reject it. In some cases, the President, in consultation with the Prime Minister and the Union Cabinet, plays a key role in the negotiation and formal signing of treaties, but the actual ratification requires parliamentary consent, especially if the treaty involves legal obligations or financial commitments.
The correct answer is: Parliament, as it is the body responsible for ratifying international treaties in India.
\(S.no\) | \(Festival\) | \(S.no\) | \(State\) |
---|---|---|---|
I | Kadalekayi Parishe | A | Gujarat |
II | Bohag Bihu | B | Orissa |
III | Uttarayan | C | Assam |
IV | Nuakhai | D | Karnataka |
From a very early age, I knew that when I grew up, I should be a writer. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed descriptions and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages in which words were used partly for the sake of their sound. I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writer's motives without knowing something of his early development.
His subject-matter will be determined by the age he lives in — at least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our own — but before he ever begins to write he will have acquired an emotional attitude from which he will never completely escape. It is his job to discipline his temperament, but if he escapes from his early influences altogether, he will have killed his impulse to write. I think there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose. They are: (i) Sheer egoism: Desire to seem clever, to be talked about, to be remembered after death, to get your own back on grown-ups who snubbed you in childhood; (ii) Aesthetic enthusiasm: Desire to share an experience which one feels is valuable and ought not to be missed (iii) Historical impulse: Desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity (iv) Political purpose: Desire to push the world in a certain direction, to alter other people's idea of the kind of society that they should strive after.
[Extracted with edits from George Orwell's "Why I Write"]