Hot working refers to the plastic deformation of metals above their recrystallization temperature.
This process allows new grains to form during deformation, replacing the deformed ones — this is known as dynamic recrystallization.
Hence, grain refinement occurs, improving mechanical properties.
Why the other options are incorrect:
- (1) Annealing may still be needed depending on application and final properties.
- (2) Power requirements are generally higher in hot working due to the heat involved.
- (3) Surface finish in hot working is typically poorer than in cold working due to oxidation and scaling.