Question:

In Hatch and Slack pathway:

Updated On: Jun 7, 2022
  • chloroplast are of same type
  • occurs in Kranz anatomy where mesophyll have small chloroplast whereas bundle sheath have granal chloroplast
  • occurs in Kranz anatomy when mesophyll have small chloroplast whereas bundle sheath have larger, agranal chloroplast
  • Kranz anatomy where mesophyll cell are Diffused
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

$ C_{4} $ plants have Kranz type anatomy. Vascular bundles are surrounded by bundle sheath cells. The chloroplasts are dimorphic. The cells of bundle sheath have very large chloroplasts. They lack grana and contain starch grains. They are centripetally arranged and mesophyll cells have small and granal chloroplast.
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Concepts Used:

C4 Pathway

  • Every photosynthetic plant moves according to the Calvin cycle, but in some plants, there is a primary stage to the Calvin Cycle called the C4 pathway. Plants in tropical desert regions commonly move accordingly to the C4 pathway. Here, a 4-carbon compound called oxaloacetic acid (OAA) is the first product of carbon fixation. Such plants are special and have specific adaptations as well.
  • The C4 pathway commences with a molecule called phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) which is a three-carbon molecule. This is the primary CO2 acceptor and the carboxylation, that takes place with the help of an enzyme called PEP carboxylase. They yield a 4-C molecule known as oxaloacetic acid (OAA).
  • In due course, it is converted into another 4-carbon compound called malic acid. Later, they are shifted from mesophyll cells to bundle sheath cells. Here, OAA is crumbled to yield carbon dioxide and a 3-C molecule.
  • The CO2 thus formed, is utilized in the Calvin cycle, whereas the 3-C molecule is shifted back to mesophyll cells for regeneration of PEP.
  • Sugarcane, corn, and shrubs are some examples of plants that follow the C4 pathway. Calvin pathway is a very common pathway in both C3 plants and C4 plants, but it takes place only in the mesophyll cells of the C3 Plants and not in the C4 Plants.