In the canning and retorting process, Ball’s process time is the total time required to heat the food to the desired temperature and maintain it there for the necessary duration. The expression for Ball process time (B) combines the processor’s process time (t\(_p\)) and the come-up time (t\(_c\)), which is the time it takes for the food to reach the desired temperature before the process starts. The correct formula is:
\[ B = t_p + 0.42 t_c \] where:
- \( t_p \) is the processor’s process time, which is the actual time spent cooking or processing the food at the desired temperature, and
- \( t_c \) is the come-up time, the time needed to heat the food to the desired temperature.
Thus, the correct answer is (A) \( B = t_p + 0.42 t_c \).
Calculate the total material (food) cost and its percentage to net sales from the following information:
The \( F_{121} \) value of a known microorganism with \( Z \) value of \( 11^\circ C \) is 2.4 min for 99.9999% inactivation. For a 12D inactivation of the said microorganism at \( 143^\circ C \), the \( F \) value (in min) is .......... (rounded off to 3 decimal places)
Three villages P, Q, and R are located in such a way that the distance PQ = 13 km, QR = 14 km, and RP = 15 km, as shown in the figure. A straight road joins Q and R. It is proposed to connect P to this road QR by constructing another road. What is the minimum possible length (in km) of this connecting road?
Note: The figure shown is representative.
For the clock shown in the figure, if
O = O Q S Z P R T, and
X = X Z P W Y O Q,
then which one among the given options is most appropriate for P?