In a hypothetical economy, if entire additional income is consumed, the value of investment multiplier would be ____ . (Fill up the blank with the correct alternative.)
- The investment multiplier is calculated as \(\frac{1}{1 - {MPC}}\), where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume.
- If the entire income is consumed, the MPC = 1, leading to an infinite multiplier because \(\frac{1}{1 - 1} = \infty\).
- Hence, the value of the investment multiplier in this case is infinity.
Conclusion: When all additional income is consumed, the investment multiplier becomes infinite because every increase in income leads to an equivalent increase in consumption, stimulating constant economic growth.
On the basis of the following hypothetical data, calculate the percentage change in Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the year 2022 – 23, using 2020 – 21 as the base year.
| Year | Nominal GDP | Nominal GDP (Adjusted to Base Year Price) |
| 2020–21 | 3,000 | 5,000 |
| 2022–23 | 4,000 | 6,000 |
| S. No. | Particulars | Amount (in ₹ crore) |
|---|---|---|
| (i) | Operating Surplus | 3,740 |
| (ii) | Increase in unsold stock | 600 |
| (iii) | Sales | 10,625 |
| (iv) | Purchase of raw materials | 2,625 |
| (v) | Consumption of fixed capital | 500 |
| (vi) | Subsidies | 400 |
| (vii) | Indirect taxes | 1,200 |
Two players \( A \) and \( B \) are playing a game. Player \( A \) has two available actions \( a_1 \) and \( a_2 \). Player \( B \) has two available actions \( b_1 \) and \( b_2 \). The payoff matrix arising from their actions is presented below:

Let \( p \) be the probability that player \( A \) plays action \( a_1 \) in the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the game.
Then the value of p is (round off to one decimal place).
Eight students (P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W) are playing musical chairs. The figure indicates their order of position at the start of the game. They play the game by moving forward in a circle in the clockwise direction.
After the 1st round, the 4th student behind P leaves the game.
After the 2nd round, the 5th student behind Q leaves the game.
After the 3rd round, the 3rd student behind V leaves the game.
After the 4th round, the 4th student behind U leaves the game.
Who all are left in the game after the 4th round?

Here are two analogous groups, Group-I and Group-II, that list words in their decreasing order of intensity. Identify the missing word in Group-II.
Abuse \( \rightarrow \) Insult \( \rightarrow \) Ridicule
__________ \( \rightarrow \) Praise \( \rightarrow \) Appreciate
The 12 musical notes are given as \( C, C^\#, D, D^\#, E, F, F^\#, G, G^\#, A, A^\#, B \). Frequency of each note is \( \sqrt[12]{2} \) times the frequency of the previous note. If the frequency of the note C is 130.8 Hz, then the ratio of frequencies of notes F# and C is: