Step 1: Understanding GDP calculation.
GDP measures the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country. It does not account for transactions of second-hand goods or goods that have already been produced.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
- (A) Inventory stock: Changes in inventory are included in GDP because they reflect production that has occurred but not yet sold.
- (B) Wages: Wages are included in GDP as part of the income approach to calculating GDP.
- (C) Brokerage/commission on purchasing second-hand goods: This is included in GDP because it reflects the value added to the transaction.
- (D) Sale/purchase of second-hand goods: This is not included in GDP since it does not reflect the production of new goods or services.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The sale/purchase of second-hand goods is excluded from GDP, so the correct answer is (D).
On the basis of the following hypothetical data, calculate the percentage change in Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the year 2022 – 23, using 2020 – 21 as the base year.
Year | Nominal GDP | Nominal GDP (Adjusted to Base Year Price) |
2020–21 | 3,000 | 5,000 |
2022–23 | 4,000 | 6,000 |
On the basis of the given data, estimate the value of National Income (NNPFC):
S.No. | Items | Amount (in ₹ Crore) |
(i) | Household Consumption Expenditure | 1,800 |
(ii) | Gross Business Fixed Capital Formation | 1,150 |
(iii) | Gross Residential Construction Expenditure | 1,020 |
(iv) | Government Final Consumption Expenditure | 2,170 |
(v) | Excess of Imports over Exports | 720 |
(vi) | Inventory Investments | 540 |
(vii) | Gross Public Investments | 1,300 |
(viii) | Net Indirect Taxes | 240 |
(ix) | Net Factor Income from Abroad | (-) 250 |
(x) | Consumption of Fixed Capital | 440 |