In a deer species that lives in groups, some individuals act as sentinels and are vigilant for predators but there is a trade-off between foraging and vigilance. A researcher collects data on the foraging rates of edge (black) and central (grey) members of the group in two similar forests, one with and one without predators. Which one of the following figures best supports the hypothesis that members at the edge are acting as sentinels in this deer species?
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Understanding animal behavior in natural contexts can offer insights into their survival mechanisms and social structures.
Step 1: Comparing Foraging Rates with Predators Present.
Figure P indicates a statistically significant difference (*) in the foraging rates between edge and central members when predators are present. Edge members show reduced foraging rates, suggesting higher vigilance.
Step 2: Evaluating Foraging Rates with Predators Absent.
In the absence of predators, Figure P shows no significant difference (NS) in the foraging rates between edge and central members. This contrast under different conditions supports the sentinel behavior hypothesis.
Step 3: Analysis of Behavioral Adaptation.
The behavioral adaptation of edge members to act as sentinels when predators are present is crucial for the survival and efficiency of the group. This role reduces their foraging activity as they remain alert to potential threats, thereby supporting the group's overall safety.
