For inverse trigonometric functions like \( \cos^{-1} \), the range is typically \( [0, \pi] \), but the values inside the function must stay within the domain of -1 to 1.
For \( f(x) = \cos^{-1} \left( \frac{\sqrt{2x^2 + 1}}{x^2 + 1} \right) \), the inverse cosine function has a range of \( [0, \pi] \), and the given expression inside the inverse cosine results in values between -1 and 1, implying that the range of \( f(x) \) is \( \left[ 0, \frac{\pi}{2} \right] \).