Question

Identify true sentences regarding leaf modifications in Nepenthes: \begin{itemize} \item[A.] Petiole upper part is modified into tendril. \item[B.] Petiole lower part is modified into phyllode. \item[C.] Lamina is modified into pitcher. \item[D.] Petiole lower part is modified into lid of pitcher. \end{itemize}

• A. [(1)] B, C and D
• B. [(2)] A, B and C
• C. [(3)] A, B and D
• D. [(4)] A, C and D

Hint:

When studying plant adaptations, it's crucial to differentiate between the functions and modifications of different leaf parts, as these are key in understanding plant survival strategies in various environments.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the modifications of leaves in Nepenthes
Nepenthes, commonly known as pitcher plants, exhibit unique modifications in their leaves to adapt to insectivorous nutrition. The leaf modifications include:
- A. Petiole upper part is modified into tendril → Correct
- The upper part of the petiole elongates into a tendril, which helps support the pitcher by attaching to nearby objects.
- B. Petiole lower part is modified into phyllode → Correct
- The lower part of the petiole is modified into a phyllode (leaf-like structure), which performs photosynthesis.
- C. Lamina is modified into pitcher → Correct
- The lamina (leaf blade) is modified into a pitcher, which serves as a trap for capturing and digesting insects.
- D. Petiole lower part is modified into lid of pitcher → Incorrect
- The lid of the pitcher is derived from the leaf apex, not the petiole.
Step 2: Examining the given options
- Option 1 (B, C, and D) → Incorrect (D is incorrect).
- Option 2 (A, B, and C) → Correct, as it matches the correct modifications.
- Option 3 (A, B, and D) → Incorrect (D is incorrect).
- Option 4 (A, C, and D) → Incorrect (D is incorrect).
Step 3: Conclusion Since the correct statements are A, B, and C, the correct answer is Option (2).