Question

Identify the schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each trial or event.

• A. Variable interval schedule
• B. Variable ratio schedule
• C. Fixed ratio schedule
• D. Fixed interval schedule

Hint:

Think of a slot machine. You don't know how many times you have to pull the lever (number of responses) before you win (reinforcement). This is a classic example of a variable ratio schedule, which is known for producing high and steady rates of behavior.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify a schedule of reinforcement based on two criteria: (1) it depends on the number of responses, and (2) this number is different or unpredictable.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's break down the terms:
Ratio vs. Interval: Ratio schedules are based on the number of responses. Interval schedules are based on the passage of time. The question specifies "number of responses," so it must be a ratio schedule.
Fixed vs. Variable: Fixed schedules have a set, unchanging requirement. Variable schedules have an unpredictable, changing requirement. The question specifies the number is "different for each trial," so it must be a variable schedule.
Combining these two parts gives us a Variable Ratio schedule.
(A) Variable interval schedule: Reinforcement after an unpredictable amount of time.
(B) Variable ratio schedule: Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses. This matches the description.
(C) Fixed ratio schedule: Reinforcement after a specific, predictable number of responses.
(D) Fixed interval schedule: Reinforcement after a specific, predictable amount of time.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The schedule where reinforcement is given after an unpredictable number of responses is the variable ratio schedule.