Identify the products obtained by nitration of aniline in strongly acidic medium.
Show Hint
In nitration reactions of aniline, the distribution of products (ortho, meta, and para) depends on the nature of the substituent on the benzene ring and the medium used.
Step 1: Understanding the nitration of aniline.
When aniline is nitrated in strongly acidic medium, the nitronium ion (\(NO_2^+\)) reacts with the aniline molecule, leading to the formation of nitroaniline derivatives at different positions on the benzene ring. In strongly acidic medium, multiple products are possible, including the ortho, meta, and para isomers. Step 2: Analyzing the options. (A) o-nitroaniline, m-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline: Correct — All three isomers of nitroaniline are formed under the given conditions. (B) p-nitroaniline and o-nitroaniline: Incorrect. The meta isomer (m-nitroaniline) will also be formed. (C) m-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline: Incorrect. The ortho isomer (o-nitroaniline) is also formed. (D) o-nitroaniline and m-nitroaniline: Incorrect. The para isomer (p-nitroaniline) is also produced. Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) o-nitroaniline, m-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline, as all three isomers are obtained in the nitration of aniline in strongly acidic medium.
