Question

Identify the Nayikas considered according to the physiognomic traits of appearance.
(A) Padmini
(B) Vasakasajja
(C) Chitrini
(D) Shankhini
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B) and (D) only
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only
• C. (B), (C) and (D) Only
• D. (A), (C) and (D) only

Hint:

Distinguish between the two main types of Nayika classification: by situation (Avastha Nayikas, like Vasakasajja, Virahotkanthita, etc.) and by inherent type/physiognomy (Padmini, Chitrini, Shankhini, Hastini). This distinction is key to answering such questions correctly.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question relates to the classification of Nayikas (heroines) in classical Indian texts on aesthetics and erotology (like the Kama Sutra and works on rhetoric, 'Rasa Shastra'). There are different systems of classification. One is based on the Nayika's situation ('Avastha'), and another is based on her physical and psychological characteristics ('Svakiya' types or physiognomic traits).

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
(B) Vasakasajja: This is an 'Avastha Nayika', one of the eight types classified by situation. A Vasakasajja is a heroine who dresses herself and prepares for the arrival of her lover. This is a situational, not a physiognomic, trait.
The other three options are part of the physiognomic classification, which divides women into four types:
(A) Padmini: The "lotus-woman," considered the most excellent type.
(C) Chitrini: The "art-woman," who is talented and beautiful.
(D) Shankhini: The "conch-woman," characterized by a different temperament and physique.
The fourth type, not listed, is the Hastini (elephant-woman).
Therefore, Padmini, Chitrini, and Shankhini are classifications based on physiognomic traits.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The Nayikas classified according to physiognomic traits are (A) Padmini, (C) Chitrini, and (D) Shankhini.