Question

Identify the most appropriate summary for the paragraph.
Both Socrates and Bacon were very good at asking useful questions. In fact, Socrates is largely credited with corning up with a way of asking questions, 'the Socratic method/ which itself is at the core of the 'scientific method, 'popularised by Bacon. The Socratic method disproves arguments by finding exceptions to them, and can therefore lead your opponent to a point where they admit something that contradicts their original position. In common with Socrates, Bacon stressed it was as important to disprove a theory as it was to prove one - and real-world observation and experimentation were key to achieving both aims. Bacon also saw science as a collaborative affair, with scientists working together, challenging each other.

• A. Both Socrates and Bacon advocated clever questioning of the opponents to disprove their arguments and theories.
• B. Both Socrates and Bacon advocated challenging arguments and theories by observation and experimentation.
• C. Both Socrates and Bacon advocated confirming arguments and theories by finding exceptions.
• D. Both Socrates and Bacon advocated examining arguments and theories from both sides to prove them.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The correct answer is (D):
Option 1 cannot be the appropriate summary because it fails to mention that the walnut sphinx moth caterpillars make use of acoustic deception to ward off predators. Further, it is not stated in the paragraph that they have specialized vocal chords. Even option 2 fails to capture the essence of the paragraph as it does not mention the point – the acoustic deception used by the caterpillars to mimic bird alarm calls Between options 3 and 4, the former is appropriate as option 4 talks about deception and not “acoustic deception” which is employed by the birds. Further, it is not mentioned in the paragraph that the caterpillars use “camouflage” to trick the predators. Hence option 3 captures the essence of the paragraph.