Question

Identify a, b, c, d, e, and f in the table given below:
\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Sl. No.} & \textbf{Organism} & \textbf{Bioactive Molecule} & \textbf{Use} \\ \hline 1 & \textit{Monascus purpureus} & \text{Statins} & \text{Lowers blood cholesterol} \\ 2 & \textit{Streptomyces} & \text{Antibiotic} & \text{Treats infections} \\ 3 & \textit{Trichoderma polysporum} & \text{Cyclosporin A} & \text{Immunosuppressant} \\ 4 & \textit{Penicillium notatum} & \text{Penicillin} & \text{Kills bacteria} \\ 5 & \textit{Aspergillus niger} & \text{Citric acid} & \text{Food additive} \\ 6 & \textit{Lactobacillus} & \text{Lactic acid} & \text{Used in food preservation} \\ \hline \end{array} \]

Hint:

Microorganisms produce bioactive molecules vital for medical, industrial, and agricultural applications.

Answer 1

Bioactive molecules have diverse medical and industrial uses. Statins from {Monascus purpureus} lower cholesterol, reducing cardiovascular risks. Cyclosporin A from {Trichoderma polysporum} suppresses immune responses, vital for organ transplants. 
Penicillin, an antibiotic from {Penicillium notatum}, combats bacterial infections. 
Citric acid from {Aspergillus niger} serves as a food preservative and additive. Lactic acid from {Lactobacillus} aids food preservation.
These microorganisms' bioactive molecules highlight their significance in medicine, agriculture, and industry.