Question

Hypertension in children: Investigation.

Hint:

Early diagnosis and investigation of secondary causes of hypertension is crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Answer 1

Step 1: Investigations for Hypertension in Children.
The investigation of hypertension in children involves identifying the underlying cause, confirming the diagnosis, and assessing for organ damage. Common investigations include:
(1) Repeated Blood Pressure Measurements: To confirm sustained hypertension on at least three separate occasions.
(2) Urinalysis and Kidney Function Tests: To check for renal causes such as proteinuria or kidney damage.
(3) Electrolyte and Renal Panel: To assess renal function and detect disorders like hyperaldosteronism.
(4) Echocardiogram: To assess for heart-related causes or damage from hypertension.
(5) Endocrine Tests: To screen for conditions like hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, or Cushing's syndrome.
(6) Fundoscopy: To evaluate for signs of target organ damage, such as retinopathy.