Question

Hypertension in children: Aetiology.

Hint:

Secondary hypertension should be suspected in children with no family history of hypertension or those with unusual presentations or younger age of onset.

Answer 1

Step 1: Aetiology of Hypertension in Children.
The causes of hypertension in children can be classified into primary and secondary causes:
(1) Primary Hypertension: Often due to genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity, lack of physical activity, or high salt intake. It is more common in adolescents and is similar to adult hypertension.
(2) Secondary Hypertension: Caused by an underlying medical condition, which includes:
- Renal Disease (e.g., chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis)
- Endocrine Disorders (e.g., hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytom
- Cardiovascular Diseases (e.g., coarctation of the aort
- Medications (e.g., corticosteroids, birth control pills)
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OS.