The human heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It has four chambers: the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The heart functions through a double circulation system: oxygenated blood is pumped to the body via the aorta, while deoxygenated blood is sent to the lungs for oxygenation. The heartbeat is regulated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, often called the pacemaker.