Question

How will you prepare the following from acetic acid \((CH_3COOH\)?
Write the Chemical equations:
Acetic Anhydride.
Ethyl Acetate.
Acetyl Chloride.
Ethyl Alcohol.
Acetamide.

Hint:

Acetic acid can be transformed into various organic compounds by using appropriate reagents like dehydrating agents, alcohols, and reducing agents.

Answer 1

(i) Acetic Anhydride.
Acetic anhydride is prepared by the dehydration of acetic acid with a dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentachloride \((PCl_5)\) or acyl chlorides. The chemical equation is: \[ 2 \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \xrightarrow{\text{PCl}_5} (\text{CH}_3\text{CO})_2\text{O} + \text{POCl}_3 \] (ii) Ethyl Acetate.
Ethyl acetate is prepared by the esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (e.g., sulfuric acid). The chemical equation is: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \] (iii) Acetyl Chloride.
Acetyl chloride is prepared by the chlorination of acetic acid with thionyl chloride \((SOCl_2)\). The chemical equation is: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{SOCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{COCl} + \text{SO}_2 + \text{HCl} \] (iv) Ethyl Alcohol.
Ethyl alcohol is prepared by the reduction of acetic acid using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride \((LiAlH_4)\). The chemical equation is: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{LiAlH}_4 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \] (v) Acetamide.
Acetamide is prepared by reacting acetic acid with ammonia. The chemical equation is: \[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CONH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]