Question

How many chromosomes are found in humans?

Hint:

Humans = 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Out of these, 44 are autosomes and 2 are sex chromosomes. Mistakes in chromosome number cause genetic disorders.

Answer 1

Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. These chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins, located in the nucleus of each cell. They carry hereditary information that controls growth, development, and functioning of the body.

Step 1: Breakdown of Chromosomes.
- 22 pairs of autosomes (44 chromosomes): These are responsible for most of the body's traits such as height, skin color, eye color, metabolism, etc. - 1 pair of sex chromosomes (2 chromosomes): These determine the sex of the individual. - Females: XX - Males: XY

Step 2: Role of Chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains thousands of genes, which are functional units of heredity. These genes encode proteins that control almost every biological function. Errors in chromosome number or structure can lead to genetic disorders.

Step 3: Examples.
- Down Syndrome: Caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21). - Turner Syndrome: Occurs when one X chromosome is missing in females (XO). - Klinefelter Syndrome: Occurs when males have an extra X chromosome (XXY).

Step 4: Importance.
Knowledge of human chromosomes is essential in genetics, medical research, forensic science, and understanding hereditary diseases.