Question

How is DNA the basis of heredity ?

Hint:

Think of DNA as a detailed "blueprint" for building and running an organism. A "gene" is a single instruction on that blueprint. This blueprint is copied and passed down from parents to children, which is why children inherit traits from their parents.

Answer 1

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the chemical basis of heredity in the following ways:
\begin{enumerate} \item Carrier of Genetic Information: DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms. This information is stored as a code in the sequence of its four nucleotide bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine).
\item Genes and Traits: A specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or functional RNA molecule is called a gene. These proteins are responsible for expressing specific traits (e.g., eye color, height). Therefore, the traits of an organism are determined by its DNA.
\item Accurate Replication: DNA has the unique ability to make exact copies of itself through a process called replication. This ensures that when a cell divides, each new cell receives a complete and identical set of genetic instructions.
\item Transmission to Offspring: During sexual reproduction, each parent contributes half of their DNA to the offspring. This process ensures the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next, which is the very definition of heredity.
\end{enumerate}