Question

How do historical sources help us to understand the Mauryan empire? Analyse the role of Ashoka in shaping its legacy.

Hint:

Ashoka’s inscriptions and administrative reforms not only help us understand the Mauryan Empire but also reflect a shift from conquest to moral governance, leaving a long-lasting legacy.

Answer 1

Historical sources play a crucial role in reconstructing the political, administrative, and cultural aspects of the Mauryan Empire. The major sources include:
1. Literary Sources:

• Arthashastra by Kautilya (Chanakya) provides insights into the administration, economy, and military organization of the Mauryan state.
• Buddhist texts such as the Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa give information about Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism and his patronage of the religion.

2. Inscriptions:

• Ashoka's edicts inscribed on rocks and pillars in Brahmi script are primary sources that give information about his policies of Dhamma, welfare schemes, and ethical governance.
• These inscriptions are found across the Indian subcontinent, reflecting the vast extent of his empire.

3. Accounts of Foreign Travelers:

• Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador in Chandragupta Maurya’s court, wrote the book Indica, which provides valuable information about the city of Pataliputra, society, and administration of that time.

Role of Ashoka in Shaping the Mauryan Legacy:

• Ashoka was the most celebrated Mauryan ruler due to his policy of non-violence and religious tolerance after the Kalinga War.
• He propagated the principles of Dhamma, promoting ethical governance, compassion, and welfare.
• Ashoka’s missionary efforts spread Buddhism across Asia, helping in the cultural expansion of India’s influence.
• His edicts remain a valuable historical legacy and form the foundation of India’s national emblem (Lion Capital of Sarnath).