Henry’s law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a given temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.
Mathematically,
\[
C = kP
\]
Where:
\( C \) = concentration (or solubility) of the gas in the liquid
\( P \) = partial pressure of the gas
\( k \) = Henry’s law constant
This law holds true primarily for **very dilute** solutions, where interactions between solute particles are negligible, and the behavior is close to ideal.
In more concentrated solutions or solids, deviations occur due to solute-solute or solute-solvent interactions.