Step 1: Understanding heat-sensitive separation techniques. - Evaporation allows gentle removal of solvents, minimizing thermal degradation.
Step 2: Explanation of incorrect options.
- (A) Liquid extraction: Useful for separation but not for heat-sensitive materials.
- (B) Distillation: Requires higher temperatures, which can degrade heat-sensitive substances.
- (D) Adsorption: Used for gas separations and purifications, not for high heat of vaporization.
Step 3: Selecting the correct option. Since evaporation minimizes thermal damage, the correct answer is (C) Evaporation.
A closed-loop system has the characteristic equation given by: $ s^3 + k s^2 + (k+2) s + 3 = 0 $.
For the system to be stable, the value of $ k $ is: