The depression of freezing point is given by the equation: \[ \Delta T_f = K_f \cdot m \] Where:
\( \Delta T_f \) is the depression in freezing point,
\( K_f \) is the freezing point depression constant, and
\( m \) is the molality of the solution.
Step 1: Solve for molality To find the molality \( m \), we can rearrange the formula: \[ m = \frac{\Delta T_f}{K_f} \] This equation shows that molality is directly proportional to the depression in freezing point and inversely proportional to the freezing point depression constant.
Thus, the correct answer is \( {m = \frac{\Delta T_f}{K_f}} \).
The cause for deviation from Raoult’s law in the colligative properties of non-ideal solutions lies in the nature of interactions at the molecular level. These properties show deviations from Raoult’s law due to difference in interactions between solute–solvent, solute–solute and solvent–solvent. Some liquids on mixing form azeotropes which are binary mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boil at a constant temperature. In such cases, it is not possible to separate the components by fractional distillation. There are two types of azeotropes called minimum boiling azeotrope and maximum boiling azeotrope. (a) Pure ethanol cannot be prepared by fractional distillation of ethanol–water mixture. Comment.