Question

Give scientific reasons :
(ii) It is absolutely necessary to control the fission reaction in nuclear power plant.

Hint:

Think safety first: control rods absorb excess neutrons, coolant removes heat, and automatic shutdown systems prevent runaway reactions.

Answer 1

A nuclear fission chain reaction releases a large amount of energy and produces more neutrons that can induce further fissions; without control the reaction can escalate rapidly, causing an uncontrollable rise in power and temperature. Controlling the reaction maintains a steady rate of fission so the heat produced matches the designed heat removal capacity of the reactor, preventing overheating and potential fuel damage or core meltdown. Controlled fission also limits the production and release of radioactive fission products by ensuring intact containment and proper cooling, thereby reducing radiation hazards to workers, the public, and the environment. Reactor control systems (control rods, neutron moderators, coolant flow regulation, and automatic shutdown systems) allow operators to adjust reactivity, respond to anomalies, and safely shut down the reactor if required. Reliable control is therefore essential for safe power generation, efficient fuel use, and minimization of radioactive releases.