Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for, - 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane,
- 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid,
- Hexanedial.
- 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane,
- 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid,
- Hexanedial.
Solution and Explanation
(a) 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane
Condensed formula:
\((CH_3)_2CHCH_2C (CH_3)_3\)
Bond line formula:
2-hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid
Condensed Formula:
\((COOH)CH_2C(OH) (COOH)CH_2(COOH)\)
Bond line formula:
The functional groups present in the given compound are \(carboxylic \;acid\) \((-COOH)\) and alcoholic \((-OH)\) groups.
(c) Hexanedial
Condensed Formula:
\((CHO) (CH_2)_4 (CHO)\)
Bond line Formula: 
The functional group present in the given compound is \(aldehyde\) \((-CHO)\).
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Concepts Used:
Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques - Reaction Mechanism
SN1 Reaction Mechanism:
SN1 reaction mechanism takes place by following three steps –
- Formation of carbocation
- Attack of nucleophile
- Deprotonation
SN2 Reaction Mechanism:
The SN2 reaction mechanism involves the nucleophilic substitution reaction of the leaving group (which generally consists of halide groups or other electron-withdrawing groups) with a nucleophile in a given organic compound.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Mechanism:
The mechanism of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction contains three main components which are:
- A new sigma bond from C=C is formed during the reaction in the arene nucleophile.
- Due to the breaking of the C-H sigma bond, a proton is removed.
- The C=C bond is reformed and it restores the aromaticity of the compound.
Electrophilic Substitution Reaction Mechanism:
The electrophilic substitution reaction mechanism is composed of three steps, which will be discussed more below.
- Electrophile Generation
- Carbocation Formation
- Proton Removal