Comprehension
From the alternatives given below,
Choose the best option that correctly classifies the four sentences as a:
- F: Fact – If it relates to a known matter of direct observation, or an existing reality or something known to be true.
- J: Judgment – If it is an opinion or estimate or anticipation of common sense or intention.
- I: Inference – If it is a logical conclusion or deduction about something based on the knowledge of facts.
Question: 1
A. Everyday social life is impossible without interpersonal relationships.
B. The root of many misunderstandings has been cited in poor relations among individuals.
C. Assuming the above to be true, social life will be much better if people understand the importance of good interpersonal relations.
D. A study reveals that interpersonal relations and hence life in general can be improved with a little effort on the part of individuals.
A. Everyday social life is impossible without interpersonal relationships.
B. The root of many misunderstandings has been cited in poor relations among individuals.
C. Assuming the above to be true, social life will be much better if people understand the importance of good interpersonal relations.
D. A study reveals that interpersonal relations and hence life in general can be improved with a little effort on the part of individuals.
B. The root of many misunderstandings has been cited in poor relations among individuals.
C. Assuming the above to be true, social life will be much better if people understand the importance of good interpersonal relations.
D. A study reveals that interpersonal relations and hence life in general can be improved with a little effort on the part of individuals.
Show Hint
Always watch for keywords like "study shows" for facts, "assuming" for inferences, and general opinions for judgments.
Updated On: Aug 7, 2025
- : FJJJ
- : JFIF
- : FIFJ
- : IFFJ
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
A — Judgment (J): The statement expresses an opinion about social life being impossible without interpersonal relationships. It's not a measurable fact, hence a judgment.
B — Fact (F): This is based on empirical or cited observations and can be verified in psychological or sociological studies.
C — Inference (I): This is a logical deduction based on statements A and B. It derives a future improvement based on assumed premises.
D — Fact (F): The phrase “a study reveals” signals direct observation or research-based outcome, which qualifies as a fact. Thus, the correct classification is: J-F-I-F.
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Question: 2
Classify the following statements into Fact (F), Judgment (J), or Inference (I):
A. The Cabinet minister definitely took the wrong step in giving the government contract.
B. Under the circumstances, he had many other alternatives.
C. The Prime Minister is embarrassed due to the minister’s decision.
D. If he has put the government in jeopardy, the minister must resign.
Classify the following statements into Fact (F), Judgment (J), or Inference (I):
A. The Cabinet minister definitely took the wrong step in giving the government contract.
B. Under the circumstances, he had many other alternatives.
C. The Prime Minister is embarrassed due to the minister’s decision.
D. If he has put the government in jeopardy, the minister must resign.
B. Under the circumstances, he had many other alternatives.
C. The Prime Minister is embarrassed due to the minister’s decision.
D. If he has put the government in jeopardy, the minister must resign.
Show Hint
When analyzing judgment statements, look for subjective opinions. Facts are neutral, while inferences rely on “if… then…” logic.
Updated On: Aug 7, 2025
- : JFFI
- : IFJI
- : FFJI
- : IFLJ
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
A — Judgment (J): The word “definitely took the wrong step” is an opinion, not a fact. It’s a subjective evaluation.
B — Fact (F): The statement presents a verifiable reality — that alternatives existed.
C — Fact (F): This states an observable consequence — the Prime Minister’s embarrassment — a known reaction.
D — Inference (I): This draws a logical conclusion or course of action based on the assumption of jeopardy.
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Question: 3
Classify the following statements into Fact (F), Judgment (J), or Inference (I):
A. If democracy is to survive, the people must develop a sense of consumerism.
B. Consumerism has helped improve the quality of goods in certain countries.
C. The protected environment in our country is helping the local manufacturers.
D. The quality of goods suffers if manufacturers take undue advantage of this.
Classify the following statements into Fact (F), Judgment (J), or Inference (I):
A. If democracy is to survive, the people must develop a sense of consumerism.
B. Consumerism has helped improve the quality of goods in certain countries.
C. The protected environment in our country is helping the local manufacturers.
D. The quality of goods suffers if manufacturers take undue advantage of this.
B. Consumerism has helped improve the quality of goods in certain countries.
C. The protected environment in our country is helping the local manufacturers.
D. The quality of goods suffers if manufacturers take undue advantage of this.
Show Hint
In conditional sentences starting with “if”, watch for logical deductions — these are often inferences.
Updated On: Aug 7, 2025
- : IJFJ
- : JFIJ
- : IJJF
- : IFJJ
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
A — Inference (I): It’s a conditional reasoning — "if democracy is to survive..." — hence an inference.
B — Judgment (J): Though stated assertively, “has helped improve” implies subjective assessment of consumerism.
C — Fact (F): It describes a current measurable condition — a protected environment helping manufacturers.
D — Judgment (J): It projects a negative effect — a personal evaluation of what may happen due to misuse.
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Question: 4
Choose the correct logical order for the following statements:
A. Traffic congestion increases carbon monoxide in the environment.
B. Increase in carbon monoxide is hazardous to wealth.
C. Traffic congestion is hazardous to health.
D. Some traffic congestion does not cause increase in carbon monoxide.
E. Some traffic congestion is not hazardous to health.
Choose the correct logical order for the following statements:
A. Traffic congestion increases carbon monoxide in the environment.
B. Increase in carbon monoxide is hazardous to wealth.
C. Traffic congestion is hazardous to health.
D. Some traffic congestion does not cause increase in carbon monoxide.
E. Some traffic congestion is not hazardous to health.
B. Increase in carbon monoxide is hazardous to wealth.
C. Traffic congestion is hazardous to health.
D. Some traffic congestion does not cause increase in carbon monoxide.
E. Some traffic congestion is not hazardous to health.
Show Hint
Always try to backtrack from conclusion to fact-based reasons when sequencing cause-effect statements.
Updated On: Aug 7, 2025
- : CBA
- : BDE
- : CDE
- : BAC
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
C is a conclusion, and its reasoning is based on B (hazard due to carbon monoxide), which in turn is a result of A (traffic congestion increasing carbon monoxide). Thus, the correct logical flow is:
C (conclusion) → B (reason) → A (cause).
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Question: 5
Choose the set of statements that are logically consistent:
A. MBAs are in great demand.
B. Samrat and Akshita are in great demand.
C. Samrat is in great demand.
D. Akshita is in great demand.
E. Samrat and Akshita are MBAs.
Choose the set of statements that are logically consistent:
A. MBAs are in great demand.
B. Samrat and Akshita are in great demand.
C. Samrat is in great demand.
D. Akshita is in great demand.
E. Samrat and Akshita are MBAs.
B. Samrat and Akshita are in great demand.
C. Samrat is in great demand.
D. Akshita is in great demand.
E. Samrat and Akshita are MBAs.
Show Hint
Link identities (like E) to general rules (like A) to validate conditional implications (like B).
Updated On: Aug 7, 2025
- : ABE
- : ECD
- : AEB
- : EBA
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Statement A establishes the general principle.
Statement E provides identity linking Samrat and Akshita to MBAs.
Statement B follows logically — if Samrat and Akshita are MBAs, and MBAs are in demand, then they are too.
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Question: 6
Which of the following statements can be logically combined?
A. All software companies employ knowledge workers.
B. Infotech employees are knowledge workers.
C. Infotech is a software company.
D. Some software companies employ knowledge workers.
E. Infotech employs only knowledge workers.
Which of the following statements can be logically combined?
A. All software companies employ knowledge workers.
B. Infotech employees are knowledge workers.
C. Infotech is a software company.
D. Some software companies employ knowledge workers.
E. Infotech employs only knowledge workers.
B. Infotech employees are knowledge workers.
C. Infotech is a software company.
D. Some software companies employ knowledge workers.
E. Infotech employs only knowledge workers.
Show Hint
Watch for syllogism patterns: A → B, B → C, hence A → C. Sequence matters.
Updated On: Aug 7, 2025
- : ABC
- : ACB
- : CDB
- : ACE
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Statement A gives the universal rule.
C connects Infotech to the class of software companies.
B follows logically: if Infotech is a software company and software companies employ knowledge workers, then Infotech employees must be knowledge workers.
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