Question

For temperature sensitive pharmaceuticals which one of the following drying methods is ideal?

• A. Vacuum Rotary Drying
• B. Agitated pan Drying
• C. Vacuum Shelf Drying
• D. Sublimation Drying

Hint:

Sublimation drying (freeze drying) is best for sensitive pharmaceuticals — it removes moisture at low temperatures without harming the product.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals, such as biologics, vaccines, and certain antibiotics, require a drying method that does not expose them to elevated temperatures, which could lead to degradation or loss of activity.
Sublimation drying, more commonly known as freeze drying or lyophilization, is the most suitable method for such products.
In this process, the material is first frozen and then subjected to a vacuum, under which the ice directly converts to vapor without passing through the liquid phase (sublimation).
This method helps preserve the structure, activity, and stability of heat-sensitive compounds.
Let’s review why other options are not ideal:
- Vacuum Rotary Drying: Involves tumbling solids in a rotating drum at moderate temperatures, which may still be too high for delicate pharmaceuticals.
- Agitated Pan Drying: Applies heat with agitation, unsuitable for thermolabile materials.
- Vacuum Shelf Drying: A gentler method but still involves heating, making it less preferable compared to sublimation.
Hence, Sublimation Drying ensures maximum protection and is the method of choice for drying temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical compounds.