Question:
For diatomic molecules, the correct statement(s) about the molecular orbitals formed by the overlap to two $2 p_z$ orbitals is(are)
For diatomic molecules, the correct statement(s) about the molecular orbitals formed by the overlap to two $2 p_z$ orbitals is(are)
Updated On: June 02, 2025
- $\sigma$ orbital has a total of two nodal planes.
- $\sigma^*$ orbital has one node in the $x z$-plane containing the molecular axis.
- $\pi$ orbital has one node in the plane which is perpendicular to the molecular axis and goes through the center of the molecule.
- $\pi^*$ orbital has one node in the $x y$-plane containing the molecular axis.
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The Correct Option is A, D
Approach Solution - 1
A) 
B) 
C) 
D)
So the correct answer is Option(A) and (D) :σ orbital has a total of two nodal planes and \(π^*\)orbital has one node in the \(xy\)-plane containing the molecular axis.
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Approach Solution -2
In diatomic molecules, when two \( 2p_z \) orbitals overlap, they form molecular orbitals. Let's evaluate the given options:
- Option A: "The \( \sigma \)-orbital has a total of two nodal planes."
This is correct. The \( \sigma \)-orbital formed by the overlap of two \( 2p_z \) orbitals has two nodal planes: one along the molecular axis and one perpendicular to the molecular axis. - Option B: "The \( \sigma \)-orbital has one node in the \( xz \)-plane containing the molecular axis."
This is incorrect. The \( \sigma^ \)-orbital has a node along the molecular axis itself, not in the \( xz \)-plane. - Option C: "The \( \pi \)-orbital has one node in the plane which is perpendicular to the molecular axis and goes through the center of the molecule."
This is incorrect. The \( \pi \)-orbital has two nodes, not just one, and the description does not accurately represent the node structure of \( \pi \)-orbitals. - Option D: "The \( \pi \)-orbital has one node in the \( xy \)-plane containing the molecular axis."
This is correct. The \( \pi \)-orbital has one node in the \( xy \)-plane, which is perpendicular to the molecular axis, where the orbitals cancel each other out.
Final Answer: The correct options are: A and D.
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle