Question

Explain working, merits, demerits and application of moving coil microphone.

Hint:

Moving coil microphones convert sound to electrical signals using coil movement in a magnetic field, ideal for live sound.

Answer 1

Working: A moving coil microphone works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It consists of a diaphragm attached to a small coil placed within a magnetic field. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates, causing the coil to move within the magnetic field. This movement induces a varying voltage in the coil proportional to the sound signal, which is then sent as an electrical audio signal. Merits:

Good sound quality with a wide frequency response.
Robust and durable design, suitable for rough use.
Less sensitive to humidity and temperature changes.
Can handle high sound pressure levels without distortion.
Demerits:

Heavier and bulkier compared to other types like condenser microphones.
Requires more power to operate if used with a preamplifier.
Limited sensitivity for very low-level sound detection.
Applications:

Used in public address systems, concerts, and recording studios.
Suitable for speech and musical instrument recording.
Common in broadcasting and live sound reinforcement.