Question

Explain the salient features of the Human Genome.

Hint:

The human genome project has provided crucial insights into human genetics, helping to develop targeted therapies and understand the genetic basis of diseases.

Answer 1

Step 1: The Human Genome refers to the complete set of genetic material in human cells, including all the DNA sequences. The human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs of DNA. 

Step 2: Key features of the human genome include: 
1. Number of Genes: The human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. 
2. Chromosomes: The genome is divided into 23 pairs of chromosomes, including 22 autosomal pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). 
3. Non-Coding DNA: A significant portion of the human genome does not code for proteins but plays important regulatory roles, including non-coding RNAs and introns.
4. Genetic Variation: There is significant genetic diversity within the human population, leading to differences in traits and susceptibility to diseases. 5. Mapping and Sequencing: The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, successfully mapped the entire human genome, providing crucial information for medical research and disease prevention. 

Step 3: Understanding the human genome has paved the way for advancements in personalized medicine, gene therapy, and understanding genetic diseases.