Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the \(CO_3^{2-}\) ion.
Solution and Explanation
According to experimental findings, all carbon to oxygen bonds in \(CO_3^{2-}\) are equivalent. Hence, it is inadequate to represent \(CO_3^{2-}\) ion by a single Lewis structure having two single bonds and one double bond.
Therefore, carbonate ion is described as a resonance hybrid of the following structures:
Top Questions on Bond Parameters
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct option:
- KCET - 2025
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- The correct order of bond angles of the molecules \( SiCl_4 \), \( SO_3 \), \( NH_3 \), \( HgCl_2 \) is:
- AP EAPCET - 2024
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The bond angles \( b_1, b_2, b_3 \) in the above structure are respectively in \( ^\circ \):
- AP EAPCET - 2024
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- How many of the following compounds have zero dipole moment ?
\(NH_3, H_2O, HF, CO_2, SO_2, BF_3, CH_4\)- JEE Main - 2024
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- The correct statement/s about Hydrogen bonding is/are :
A. Hydrogen bonding exists when H is covalently bonded to the highly electro negative atom.
B. Intermolecular H bonding is present in o-nitro phenol
C. Intramolecular H bonding is present in HF.
D. The magnitude of H bonding depends on the physical state of the compound.
E. H-bonding has powerful effect on the structure and properties of compounds.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :- JEE Main - 2024
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Questions Asked in CBSE Class XI exam
Give reasons for the following.
(i) King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny.
(ii) Howard Carter’s investigation was resented.
(iii) Carter had to chisel away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains.
(iv) Tut’s body was buried along with gilded treasures.
(v) The boy king changed his name from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun.- CBSE Class XI
- Discovering Tut: The saga Continues
Find the mean deviation about the median for the data
xi 15 21 27 30 35 fi 3 5 6 7 8 - CBSE Class XI
- Mean Deviation
- The Cartesian product A x A has 9 elements among which are found (-1, 0) and (0, 1). Find the set A and the remaining elements of A x A.
- CBSE Class XI
- Relations and functions
- ‘Have you come back?’ said the woman. ‘I thought that no one had come back.’ Does this statement give some clue about the story? If yes, what is it?
- CBSE Class XI
- The address
- In a class of 60 students, 30 opted for NCC, 32 opted for NSS and 24 opted for both NCC and NSS. If one of these students is selected at random, find the probability that
(i)The student opted for NCC or NSS.
(ii)The student has opted neither NCC nor NSS.
(iii)The student has opted NSS but not NCC- CBSE Class XI
- Axiomatic Approach to Probability
Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle