Question

Explain the Directive Principles of the State Policy.

Hint:

To provide a complete explanation, always start with the definition and nature (Part IV, non-justiciable but fundamental). Then, explain the core objective (welfare state). Finally, give a few key examples under the three classifications (Socialistic, Gandhian, and Liberal-Intellectual).

Answer 1

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are a set of guidelines or principles enshrined in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Constitution of India. These principles are intended to be kept in mind by the state (both Union and State governments) while framing laws and policies. The concept was borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
Nature of Directive Principles: - Non-Justiciable: Unlike Fundamental Rights, the DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature. This means they are not enforceable by any court for their violation. A citizen cannot go to court if the government does not implement a directive principle.
- Fundamental in Governance: Despite being non-justiciable, Article 37 declares that these principles are "fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws."
Objective: The main objective of the DPSP is to establish a 'welfare state' in India. They aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They aim to establish social and economic democracy in the country.
Classification of Principles: Though not classified in the Constitution, they can be broadly grouped into three categories based on their content and direction:
1. Socialistic Principles: These principles aim at providing social and economic justice. - Examples: To secure the right to adequate means of livelihood for all citizens (Article 39(a)); to ensure equal pay for equal work for both men and women (Article 39(d)); to secure the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness etc. (Article 41).
2. Gandhian Principles: These principles are based on the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. - Examples: To organize village panchayats and endow them with powers to function as units of self-government (Article 40); to promote cottage industries (Article 43); to prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs (Article 47).
3. Liberal-Intellectual Principles: These principles represent the ideology of liberalism. - Examples: To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country (Article 44); to separate the judiciary from the executive (Article 50); to promote international peace and security (Article 51).