Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Solution and Explanation
The -OH group is an electron-donating group. Thus, it increases the electron density in the benzene ring as shown in the given resonance structure of phenol. As a result, the benzene ring is activated towards electrophilic substitution.
Top Questions on Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- Can sodium ethoxide and t-butyl chloride be used for the preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether? Give suitable explanation. Justify your answer by suggesting the appropriate starting material required for preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points:
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
The reaction
suggests that phenol is :- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- Phenol reacts with Bromine (Br$_2$) water to form:
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
In the reaction R–OH + HCl $\xrightarrow{\text{ZnCl}_2}$ RCl + H$_2$O, what is the correct order of reactivity of alcohols?
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- Assertion (A): In a first order reaction, if the concentration of the reactant is doubled, its half-life is also doubled.
Reason (R): The half-life of a reaction does not depend upon the initial concentration of the reactant in a first order reaction.- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemical Kinetics
Rishika and Shivika were partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. Their Balance Sheet as at 31st March, 2024 stood as follows:
Balance Sheet of Rishika and Shivika as at 31st March, 2024Liabilities Amount (₹) Assets Amount (₹) Capitals: Equipment 45,00,000 Rishika – ₹30,00,000
Shivika – ₹20,00,00050,00,000 Investments 5,00,000 Shivika’s Husband’s Loan 5,00,000 Debtors 35,00,000 Creditors 40,00,000 Stock 8,00,000 Cash at Bank 2,00,000 Total 95,00,000 Total 95,00,000 The firm was dissolved on the above date and the following transactions took place:
(i) Equipements were given to creditors in full settlement of their account.
(ii) Investments were sold at a profit of 20% on its book value.
(iii) Full amount was collected from debtors.
(iv) Stock was taken over by Rishika at 50% discount.
(v) Actual expenses of realisation amounted to ₹ 2,00,000 which were paid by the firm. Prepare Realisation Account.- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Dissolution of Partnership Firm
- Your school is organizing an Inter-House Science Model-Making Competition. As President of the Science Club, draft a notice to inform all House members from IX – XII about the competition and specify the number of registrations invited per house. Include other necessary details. You are Mitali/Mukesh. Put your notice in a box.
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- Letter Writing
- The work function of a material is 2.21 eV. Which of the following cannot produce photoelectrons from it?
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- Photoelectric Effect
A carpenter needs to make a wooden cuboidal box, closed from all sides, which has a square base and fixed volume. Since he is short of the paint required to paint the box on completion, he wants the surface area to be minimum.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
Find \( \frac{dS}{dx} \).- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Differentiation
Concepts Used:
Classification - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are organic compounds that can be classified based on their molecular structure and functional groups.
Classification of Alcohols:
- Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary, based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group.
- Primary alcohols have one alkyl group attached to the carbon, secondary alcohols have two, and tertiary alcohols have three.
Classification of Phenols:
- Phenols can be classified based on the number and position of the hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring.
- Monohydroxy phenols have one hydroxyl group, while dihydroxy phenols have two.
- Polyhydroxy phenols have more than two hydroxyl groups.
- Resorcinol and catechol are examples of dihydroxy phenols, while tannins are examples of polyhydroxy phenols.
Classification of Ethers:
- Ethers can be classified based on the nature of the alkyl or aryl groups attached to the oxygen atom.
- Simple ethers have two alkyl or aryl groups, while mixed ethers have one alkyl and one aryl group.
- Crown ethers are cyclic ethers that contain multiple ether groups and are used as complexing agents.
In summary, alcohols, phenols, and ethers can be classified based on their molecular structure and functional groups. Understanding the classification of these compounds is important for predicting their reactivity and understanding their potential applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and industry.