Question

Explain homologous and analogous organs.

Hint:

Remember: Homologous = same structure, different function (common origin).
Analogous = same function, different structure (different origin).

Answer 1

Homologous Organs:
Homologous organs are organs that have the same basic structure and origin but may perform different functions in different organisms. These organs provide evidence of divergent evolution (common ancestry).
Example:

Forelimbs of humans, whales, birds, and bats – all have the same structural pattern but are used for different purposes (grasping, swimming, flying).

Analogous Organs:
Analogous organs are organs that have similar functions but different structures and origins. These organs arise due to convergent evolution (different ancestry, similar environmental adaptation).
Example:

Wings of birds and insects – both used for flying but structurally different.