Question

Explain Electrophoresis.

Hint:

Remember: Electrophoresis is always based on the principle of movement of charged particles towards electrodes of opposite charge under an applied electric field.

Answer 1

Step 1: Definition.
Electrophoresis is the process of movement of charged particles under the influence of an electric field. It is commonly observed in colloidal solutions where particles carry either positive or negative charges. Step 2: Principle.
When an electric potential is applied across the colloidal solution, the charged colloidal particles migrate towards the electrode of opposite charge: - Positively charged particles (\( \text{cations} \)) move towards the cathode. - Negatively charged particles (\( \text{anions} \)) move towards the anode. Step 3: Applications.
Electrophoresis is widely used in: \begin{enumerate} \item
Separation of proteins and nucleic acids: In biochemical and medical laboratories, gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA, RNA, and proteins. \item
Determining charge on colloids: The direction of movement helps identify whether the colloid is positively or negatively charged. \item
Purification processes: Used to remove impurities from colloidal systems. \end{enumerate} Conclusion:
Electrophoresis is a fundamental technique to study and separate charged particles in a colloidal system under the influence of an electric field.