Question

Explain any two Fundamental Rights.

Hint:

When explaining a Fundamental Right, always mention the corresponding article number(s) and also the concept of 'reasonable restrictions' where applicable, especially for the Right to Freedom. This shows a deeper understanding.

Answer 1

Step 1: Key Concept:
Fundamental Rights are a set of basic human rights guaranteed to all citizens of India, enshrined in Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Constitution. They are justiciable, meaning they are enforceable by the courts.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Two important Fundamental Rights are:
1. Right to Equality (Articles 14-18):
- This right ensures equality for all citizens.
- Article 14 guarantees 'equality before the law' (all are equal in the eyes of the law) and 'equal protection of the laws' (the law will be applied equally to all in similar circumstances).
- Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
- Article 17 abolishes 'Untouchability' and makes its practice a punishable offence.
- Article 18 abolishes titles (except military and academic distinctions).
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22):
- This right is a cluster of several key rights. Article 19 is particularly important as it guarantees six fundamental freedoms to all citizens:
(i) Freedom of speech and expression.
(ii) Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms.
(iii) Freedom to form associations or unions.
(iv) Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(v) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
(vi) Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
- These freedoms are not absolute and are subject to 'reasonable restrictions' imposed by the state on grounds listed in the Constitution, such as public order, morality, and the security of the state.