Question

Explain any four techniques used in behavior therapy.

Hint:

When explaining therapy techniques, focus on the specific mechanisms of change that each technique seeks to achieve.

Answer 1

Negative Reinforcement: Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the frequency of a desired behavior. For example, removing the restriction on a child's playtime after they have completed their homework.
Aversive Conditioning: Aversive conditioning involves associating undesirable behavior with an unpleasant stimulus. For example, pairing alcohol with a drug that causes nausea in an attempt to reduce alcohol addiction.
Positive Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement involves giving a pleasant stimulus after a desired behavior has occurred. This helps in strengthening the desired behaviour. An example is rewarding a student with a treat after they complete their assignment.
Token Economy: Token economy involves giving tokens after the display of a desired behavior, which can be exchanged for a reward later. For instance, giving tokens to children for doing household chores, which can then be exchanged for gifts or extra playtime.
Systematic Desensitization: Systematic desensitization is a therapy used to reduce phobias and anxiety. The person is gradually exposed to anxiety-provoking stimuli while using relaxation techniques. For example, using relaxation to approach the situation one fears.
Modeling: Modeling involves learning a behavior by observing another person. It can involve demonstrating a desired behavior and getting the person to replicate it.