Step 1: Understanding the Context
The heart rate response to exercise can be influenced by various factors, including pre-existing fatigue, flight duration, and the type of exercise performed. In-flight dynamic exercise is specifically designed to counteract the negative effects of prolonged sitting or flight, stimulating circulation and muscle activation.
Step 2: Explanation of Dynamic Exercise
In-flight dynamic exercises, which include movements such as seated leg raises, arm rotations, or torso twists, have been found to reduce the exercise heart rate response after a flight by improving circulation and promoting muscle activity even during travel. This moderate level of exercise helps mitigate the cardiovascular strain that could arise after sitting for prolonged periods.
Step 3: Final Answer
Thus, even moderate volumes of In-flight dynamic exercise are effective in reducing the heart rate response after a flight. The correct answer is (A) In-flight dynamic exercise.