Question:

Ernest chain and Howard Florey's contribution was

Updated On: Apr 28, 2025
  • Establishing the potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic
  • Discovery of Streptokinase
  • Production of genetically engineered insulin
  • Discovery of DNA sequence
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Solution and Explanation

Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered by Alexander Fleming (1928). He found that fungus Penicillium notatum or its extract could inhibit the growth of bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. However, its full potential as an effective antibiotic was established much later by Ernst Chain and Howard Florey. This antibiotic was extensively used to treat American soldiers wounded in the World War II. Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded the Nobel prize in 1945, for this discovery.
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Top Questions on Microbes in human welfare

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Concepts Used:

Microbes in Human Welfare

There are several valuable microorganisms that are beneficial to humans in various manners such as:

In Household Products

  1. Fermentation of milk to produce yogurt.
  2. Milk cuddling to compose curd, cheese, and paneer.

In Industrial Products

  1. Production of beverages such as wine, beer, whiskey, brandy, or rum.
  2. Production of antibiotics such as Penicillin and other chemical substances to kill or retard the expansion of disease-causing microbes.

Fermented Beverages

  1. A fermentor is used to produce microbes on a large scale for industrial purposes.
  2. The brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used to make ethanol. At this time, the yeast ferments malted cereals and fruit juices.

Antibiotics

  1. The term antibiotic means “against life”. These materials can kill or destroy the growth of other microbes.