Comprehension
During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against imports of foreign goods, and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927. The industrialists attacked colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement when it was first launched. They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods. After the failure of the Round Table Conference, business groups were no longer uniformly enthusiastic. They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities, and worried about prolonged disruption of business, as well as of the growing influence of socialism amongst the younger members of the Congress.
The industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large numbers, except in the Nagpur region. As the industrialists came closer to the Congress, workers stayed aloof. But inspite of that, some workers did participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement, selectively adopting some of the ideas of the Gandhian programme, like boycott of foreign goods, as part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dockworkers in 1932. In 1930, thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns. But the Congress was reluctant to include workers' demands as part of its programme of struggle. It felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.
Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was the large-scale participation of women. During Gandhiji's salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail.
[Excerpt from Chapter II - Nationalism in India, India and the Contemporary World, NCERT]
The industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large numbers, except in the Nagpur region. As the industrialists came closer to the Congress, workers stayed aloof. But inspite of that, some workers did participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement, selectively adopting some of the ideas of the Gandhian programme, like boycott of foreign goods, as part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dockworkers in 1932. In 1930, thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns. But the Congress was reluctant to include workers' demands as part of its programme of struggle. It felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.
Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was the large-scale participation of women. During Gandhiji's salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail.
[Excerpt from Chapter II - Nationalism in India, India and the Contemporary World, NCERT]
Question: 1
Which event in Indian history marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Which event in Indian history marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
- Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement
- Commencing of Dandi March
- Signing of Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The Civil Disobedience Movement officially began with the Dandi March on 12th March 1930, led by Mahatma Gandhi, in protest against the British salt tax.
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Question: 2
Which of the following is true in the context of civil disobedience movement?
Which of the following is true in the context of civil disobedience movement?
Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
- The Indian industrialist preferred partnership with MNCs
- The Indian industrialist were concerned of disruption of business
- The working class rejected the civil disobedience movement
- The Round Table Conference was a partial success
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Indian industrialists were often concerned that the Civil Disobedience Movement would disrupt business and trade, although some supported it
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Question: 3
Which of the following was the predicament for Congress?
Which of the following was the predicament for Congress?
Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
- Danger of division of opposition to the British Government
- Loss of faith by marginalised sections in Congress
- Falling value of Rupee against Sterling
- None of the above
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
During the Civil Disobedience Movement, Congress faced internal divisions, in cluding the loss of support from marginalized communities, who felt underrepresented.
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Question: 4
Which of the following statements is correct with reference to the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Which of the following statements is correct with reference to the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
- It encouraged militancy among workers
- Breaking of the salt law, manufacturing salt, and demonstrating it in front of government salt factories
- It urged the industrialists to accept socialism
- All of the above
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Breaking of the salt law, manufacturing salt, and demonstrating it in front of government salt factories
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Question: 5
Which among the following mass movement was supported by the Indian industrialists?
Which among the following mass movement was supported by the Indian industrialists?
Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
- Home Rule Movement
- Civil Disobedience Movement
- Non-Cooperation Movement
- Quit India Movement
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The Indian industrialists supported the Home Rule Movement because it advocated for self-rule within the British Empire, which was seen as favorable to their business interests and growth.
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Question: 6
Which of the following can be considered as major outcome of civil disobedience movement?
Which of the following can be considered as major outcome of civil disobedience movement?
Updated On: Dec 1, 2024
- A partial support of working class
- Galvanising women in political sphere
- Socialistic influence among the Congress cadre
- All of the above
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The Civil Disobedience Movement led to partial support from the working class, galvanized women to play an active political role, and infused socialist ideas within the Congress Party.
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