During depression of freezing point in a solution the following are in equilibrium
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Freezing point depression is a phenomenon observed when a solute is added to a solvent, resulting in a lower freezing point compared to the pure solvent.
- liquid solvent, solid solvent
- liquid solvent, solid solute
- liquid solute, solid solute
- liquid solute, solid solvent
The Correct Option is A
Approach Solution - 1
The correct answer is Option A) liquid solvent, solid solvent
Freezing point depression in a solution occurs when the liquid solvent and solid solvent are in equilibrium. During the freezing of a solution, only the solvent freezes out while the equilibrium exists between the solid and liquid forms of the solvent.
- For the system to be at equilibrium, the vapor pressure of the solid and liquid forms of the solvent must be the same at the freezing point.
- The lowering of the vapor pressure causes a decrease in the temperature at which the vapor pressures of the liquid and frozen forms of the solution become equal.
Therefore, Option A is the correct answer.
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Approach Solution -2
The correct answer is Option A) liquid solvent, solid solvent
Real Life Applications
Roads in regions with cooler temperatures have salt chloride applied to them. By doing this, the freezing point of water is lowered. This aids in avoiding the formation of ice.
In regions where the temperature is below 18 degrees Celsius, calcium chloride is used in place of sodium chloride to melt the ice on the roadways. This is caused by the dissociation of calcium chloride into three ions. The freezing point of water is depressed more severely as a result. Radiator fluids for various autos are typically made from ethylene glycol and water. This aids in keeping the radiator from freezing throughout the winter. The molar mass of a particular solute may be calculated using the freezing point depression formula.
The amount to which a solute can dissociate in a solvent can be calculated using the same freezing point depression formula. Cryoscopy, which literally translates to "observing the cold," is the term for this type of measurement and it depends on the understanding of an exact measurement of the freezing point. In differential scanning calorimetry, the idea of freezing-point depression is also used as a purity analysis method. Although the findings are given in moles per percent, this method is known to be successful in producing results when other approaches do not. This phenomenon is used in the food business to manufacture ice cream and other desserts by adding salt and sugar to a frozen mixture.
Question can also be asked as
- What are the two phases that are in equilibrium during the depression of the freezing point?
- What is the name of the colligative property that is responsible for the depression of the freezing point?
- How does the addition of a solute to a solvent affect the freezing point of the solution?
- What is the relationship between the freezing point depression and the molality of the solute?
- What are some examples of substances that can be used to depress the freezing point of a solvent?
- Derive the equation for the freezing point depression of a solution.
- Explain why the freezing point depression is a colligative property.
- Discuss the factors that affect the freezing point depression of a solution.
- How can the depression of the freezing point be used to determine the molar mass of a solute?
- What are some applications of depression of freezing point?
Approach Solution -3
The correct answer is Option A) liquid solvent, solid solvent
Freezing point depression is a phenomenon observed when a solute is added to a solvent, resulting in a lower freezing point compared to the pure solvent. During this process, certain components of the solution reach a state of equilibrium.
Freezing Point Depression
- Freezing point depression refers to the lowering of the freezing point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.
- When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, it disrupts the formation of regular crystal structures, resulting in a lower freezing point.
Equilibrium between Liquid and Solid Solvent
- During the depression of the freezing point in a solution, the liquid solvent and solid solvent are in equilibrium.
- This equilibrium state is achieved when the rate of freezing of the liquid solvent equals the rate of melting of the solid solvent.
Dynamic Nature of Equilibrium
- Equilibrium is a dynamic process, meaning that although the concentrations of the liquid and solid solvents remain constant, there is a continuous exchange of particles between the two states.
- This exchange occurs as some solvent molecules freeze into the solid state while an equal number of solid solvent molecules melt into the liquid state.
The equilibrium between the liquid and solid solvents is crucial in determining the freezing point depression of the solution. It establishes a balance between the freezing and melting processes, resulting in a stable freezing point at a lower temperature than the pure solvent.
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Concepts Used:
Solutions
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be categorized into several components.
Types of Solutions:
The solutions can be classified into three types:
- Solid Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Solid-state.
- Liquid Solutions- In these solutions, the solvent is in a Liquid state.
- Gaseous Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Gaseous state.
On the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutions are divided into the following types:
- Unsaturated Solution- A solution in which more solute can be dissolved without raising the temperature of the solution is known as an unsaturated solution.
- Saturated Solution- A solution in which no solute can be dissolved after reaching a certain amount of temperature is known as an unsaturated saturated solution.
- Supersaturated Solution- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount at a certain temperature is known as a supersaturated solution.