Question

Drug dependence refers to

• A. Psychological dependence
• B. Physiological dependence
• C. Psychological and physiological dependence
• D. None of these

Hint:

Think of dependence as having two parts: the mind's craving ({psychological}) and the body's reaction ({physiological} - tolerance and withdrawal). A complete answer includes both.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Drug dependence is a state where an individual needs a drug to function normally. It has two distinct but often co-occurring components.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
(A) Psychological dependence: This involves emotional and motivational symptoms, such as a strong craving for the drug and compulsive use despite harmful consequences. The user feels they need the drug to feel good or normal.
(B) Physiological dependence: This occurs when the body adapts to the presence of the drug, leading to tolerance (needing more of the drug to get the same effect) and withdrawal symptoms (negative physical and psychological effects when the drug is stopped or reduced).
(C) Psychological and physiological dependence: The clinical concept of drug dependence encompasses both the mental cravings (psychological) and the physical adaptation (physiological). A complete definition must include both aspects.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Drug dependence is a broad term that correctly refers to the combination of both psychological and physiological dependence.