Question

Differentiate between innate immunity and acquired immunity giving suitable examples.

Hint:

Innate immunity is rapid but general, while acquired immunity is slow but provides lasting protection.

Answer 1

Innate Immunity: - Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. It is present from birth and provides a non-specific response. - Components: Skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, and natural killer cells. - Response time: Immediate or within hours of exposure. - Example: The inflammation response when a pathogen is detected. Acquired Immunity: - Acquired immunity develops after exposure to a pathogen. It is specific to the pathogen and has a memory component. - Components: T-cells and B-cells, which produce antibodies. - Response time: Slower initially but faster upon subsequent exposure due to memory cells. - Example: Immunity developed after vaccination or infection (e.g., immunity to chickenpox after infection).
Final Answer: Innate immunity is the body’s immediate, nonspecific defense, while acquired immunity is specific and develops after exposure to a pathogen.